Employees

11.12 Definition:

Employees are defined as all persons who, by agreement, work for another resident institutional unit and receive a remuneration (recorded as D.1 compensation of employees).

The relationship of employer to employee exists when there is an agreement, which may be formal or informal, between an enterprise and a person, normally entered into voluntarily by both parties, whereby the person works for the enterprise in return for remuneration in cash or in kind.

Employees are classified here if they are not also in self-employment which constitutes their principal activity: in that case they are classified under self employed persons.

11.13 The following categories are included:

  1. persons (manual and non-manual workers, management personnel, domestic staff, people carrying out remunerated productive activity under employment programs) engaged by an employer under a contract of employment;
  2. civil servants and other government employees whose terms and conditions of employment are laid down by public law;
  3. the armed forces, consisting of those who have enlisted for both long and short engagements and also conscripts (including conscripts working for civil purposes);
  4. ministers of religion, if they are paid directly by general government or a non-profit institution;
  5. owners of corporations and quasi-corporations if they work in these enterprises;
  6. students who have a formal commitment whereby they contribute some of their own labour as an input into an enterprise's process of production in return for remuneration and (or) education services;
  7. outworkers if there is an explicit agreement that the outworker is remunerated on the basis of the work done that is, the amount of labour which is contributed as an input into some process of production;
  8. disabled workers, provided the formal or informal relationship of employer to employee exists;
  9. persons employed by temporary employment agencies, who are to be included in the industry of the agency which employs them, and not in the industry of the enterprise for which they actually work. But for input-output analysis, reclassifications of this people and of all the related costs can be considered (see paragraph 9.51).

11.14 Persons temporarily not at work, are also considered as employees provided they have a formal job attachment. This formal attachment should be determined according to one or more of the following criteria:

  1. the continued receipt of wage or salary;
  2. an assurance of return to work following the end of the contingency, or an agreement as to the date of return;
  3. the elapsed duration of absence from the job which, wherever relevant, may be that duration for which workers can receive compensation benefits without obligations to accept other jobs.
This covers persons temporarily not at work because of illness or injury, holiday or vacation, strike or lock-out, educational or training leave, maternity or parental leave, reduction in economic activity, temporary disorganisation or suspension of work due to such reasons as bad weather, mechanical or electrical breakdown, or shortage of raw materials or fuels, or other temporary absence with or without leave.